History

ジャカルタ都市高速鉄道 (Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit, インドネシア語: Moda Raya Terpadu Jakarta (ジャカルタ統合質量車両)) は、インドネシアの首都ジャカルタに建設が進められている鉄道 (地下鉄)。2013年10月10日に、2019年開業予定のプロジェクト、フェーズ1（Lebak Bulus to Hotel Indonesia（HI）Roundabout）の式典が開催された。2018年12月から2019年2月まで運用テストを行った後、2019年3月24日に開業式典が行われた[1][2]。翌3月25日から通常運行を開始し、利用促進のため3月中は運賃無料となる。一方で4月から有料になるにもかかわらず、ジャカルタ首都特別州政府が投入する補助金の額が決まっていないため運賃が発表されない[1]まま開業するなど、4月17日投票の大統領選挙を前にした実績アピールのための見切り発車とも思える状況であった[3]。結局、運賃は3月26日に発表された[4]。

PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (PT MRT Jakarta) was established on June 17, 2008, in the form of a Limited Liability company with majority shares owned by the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta (ownership structure: DKI Jakarta Provincial Government 99.98%, PD Pasar Jaya 0.02%). PT MRT Jakarta has a scope of activities including for the operation and construction of MRT infrastructure and facilities, operation and maintenance (O & M) of MRT infrastructure and facilities, as well as the development and management of property / business at the station and surrounding areas, as well as Depots and areas around it.

The legal basis for the establishment of PT Jakarta MRT is the Regional Regulation of DKI Jakarta Province Number 3 Year 2008 Concerning the Establishment of Regional Owned Enterprises (BUMD) Limited Liability Company (PT) Jakarta MRT (as amended by Regional Regulation No. 7 of 2013 concerning Amendment to Regional Regulation Number 3 Year 2008 Regarding the Establishment of a Regionally Owned Company (BUMD) Limited Liability Company (PT) Jakarta MRT) and Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2008 concerning Regional Capital Participation in a Limited Liability Company (PT) Jakarta MRT (as amended by Regional Regulation No. 8 of 2013 Concerning Changes to Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2008 concerning Regional Capital Inclusion in Limited Liability Companies (PT) Jakarta MRT).

The MRT development plan in Jakarta had actually been initiated since 1985. However, at that time the MRT project had not yet been declared a national project. In 2005, the President of the Republic of Indonesia confirmed that the Jakarta MRT project was a national project. Departing from this clarity, the Central Government and the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta began to move and share responsibilities. Fundraising was welcomed by the Japanese Government who was willing to provide loans.

On November 28, 2006 the signing of the financing agreement for the Jakarta MRT Project was carried out by the Governor of the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) Kyosuke Shinozawa and the Indonesian Ambassador to Japan Yusuf Anwar. JBIC also designs and provides study recommendations to the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. An agreement has also been agreed between JBIC and the Government of Indonesia, to appoint one body to be the door for organizing the completion of the MRT project.

JBIC then merged with the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA acts as an assessment team from JBIC as the lender. In the schedule made by JICA and Jakarta MRT, the technical design and land acquisition were carried out in 2008-2009, the construction tender and the tender for electrical and mechanical equipment in 2009-2010, while construction work began in 2010-2014. Operational trials are planned to begin in 2014. However, the schedule was not met. The project design was carried out starting in 2008-2009, the construction phase was carried out starting in October 2013, and planned for completion in 2018.

The Jakarta MRT project began with the construction of a ± 16 kilometer Phase I MRT line from the Lebak Bulus Terminal to the Hotel Indonesia Roundabout which has 13 stations and 1 Depot. To minimize the impact of Phase I physical development, in addition to cooperating with a traffic management consultant, PT MRT Jakarta also has an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Phase I operations will begin in 2019.

The development of the Phase I MRT line will be the beginning of the history of developing an integrated network of the MRT system which is part of the DKI Jakarta mass transportation system in the future. Further development continues the Sudirman route to Ancol (called the North-South lane) and the development of the East-West lane.

In the Engineering Service stage, PT MRT Jakarta is responsible for the pre-qualification process and the tender for the contractor.
In the Construction phase, PT MRT Jakarta as an attribution from the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government signed a contract with the construction contractor, and a consultant who assisted in the tender process for the contractor, as well as management and operational consultants.
In the operation and maintenance phase, PT MRT Jakarta is responsible for operations and maintenance, including ensuring that sufficient numbers of passengers are reached to provide a reasonable income for the company.
The construction of the MRT involved several agencies, both at the level of the Central Government, the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta, and PT MRT Jakarta itself. Therefore, the required budget documents also involve these institutions with different program and activity names but with the same output, the construction of the Jakarta MRT.